Is there a book on the basis of methodology of gemara?

Hi! Just wanted to ask if there is a book of commentary or compilation of the methodology of the gemara. What i mean the methodology is like the basis or thought process of the tannaim when they synthesise an opinion to either start or response a sugyos. Like if they have an basic alogarithm of thinking to make an opinion. I figured if there is one common way of thinking, or at least some, then we might understand why they said some stuffs and other, they left out. Instead of just blindly following a paradigm.

I understand that this might sound lazy and i should do harder on the iyun to understand this, yes. Unfortunately perhaps because im not as much an expert on learning the gemara, as a lot of people are, only knowing the baraita rabbi yishmael (kal vachomer, gezerah shavah, etc.) Is not cutting it out. Its just frustrates me when someone is make fun of other people by asking “why does rashi say this? You dont know? C’mon.. ata mitbayesh?” sometimes my chavruta does something like this. I think there is a lot more to learning a sugyos and commentary.

By the way, this something that people do in yeshiva? Just knowing why people said something and their bottom line? I dont go to yeshiva so i dont know. I dont even know why the thumb goes up and down 👍👈👎👉☝️ when the rabbi is talking if you know what i mean. Any advice and ideas on this would be appreciated. Thanks!