My father and mother are not jewish, can i be a religious jew?

I was wondering if I can be a jew if my mom and dad aren’t Jewish. A muslim told me that I can’t and he quoted me this

Halakha Talmud Bavli, Kiddushin 68b “Your son who comes from an Israelite woman is called your son; your son who comes from a non-Jewish woman is not called your son.”