I Want to Pray More

Hello all, Like so many during these times, I’ve felt a spiritual shift in my life. I grew up Jewish, shema before bed, Shabbat prayers, etc. But these days, I want to pray more. I was in a family that just did the rituals, so don’t really know more than that.

How can pray more? What are good situations to do so (outside of shul of course)? What prayers are appropriate at what times?

For example, my work holds a moment of silence before we start every day, I want to fit in a prayer during that minute we sit there. I want a prayer when I fell stressed, when need G-d with me for something, when someone is sick or passes away, what can I say to hashem to help mend their and my own soul? Any help/advice with this is appreciated, thank you.