The concept of seeing divine authority as open to question?

Despite being Jewish by ancestry/ethnicity, I’m not very well-versed in Judaism as a religion – I’ve studied religion but mostly in the context of academic knowledge of Buddhism and Islam, as well as time spent reading up on New Age religions. I was disinterested in Judaism for a very long time, since I always on some level associated it with Christianity in terms of basic beliefs until realizing much later in life that wasn’t correct.

I eventually ended up reading about Judaism in the form of books like Jewish Literacy and The Woman Who Laughed at God. Both of these books talk about a concept I found interesting and eye-opening, which is seeing divine authority as open to question, that God can be second-guessed. Is this a representation of a commonly held view within modern forms of Judaism, or is this topic open to a great deal of debate?