Race in Jewish thought

Pre-Shabbos shower thought:

Throughout Torah Jews are referred to as a nation (goy) in varying contexts from “goy kadosh” to “goy echad”. Other nations are referenced using the term “goy” some explicitly with a title or with their place/land of origin and at times lumped together into a singular term “goyim” as reference to all or a group of other nations, always in contrast to the Jewish nation (an “us vs them” idea).

In this sense the concept of race clearly exists within Judaism even if not in the same contemporary sense that race is thought of (by skin color).

How does Jewish ideas about race existing compare or contrast with contemporary thoughts on combating racism in the sense that racial differences shouldn’t exist at all?